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''Tremella mesenterica'' (common names include yellow brain, golden jelly fungus, yellow trembler, and witches' butter〔Alternatively spelled ''witch's'' or ''witches''〕) is a common jelly fungus in the Tremellaceae family of the Agaricomycotina. It is most frequently found on dead but attached and on recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus ''Peniophora''.〔 The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp. It grows in crevices in bark, appearing during rainy weather. Within a few days after rain it dries into a thin film or shriveled mass capable of reviving after subsequent rain. This fungus occurs widely in deciduous and mixed forests and is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions that include Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Although considered bland and flavorless, the fungus is edible. ''Tremella mesenterica'' produces carbohydrates that are attracting research interest because of their various biological activities. ==Taxonomy and phylogeny== }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |caption=Phylogeny and relationships of ''T. mesenterica'' and related species based on rDNA sequences.〔 }} The species was originally described from Sweden as ''Helvella mesenterica'' by the naturalist Anders Jahan Retzius in 1769. It was later (1822) sanctioned by Elias Magnus Fries in the second volume of his ''Systema Mycologicum''.〔 It is the type species of the genus ''Tremella''.〔 Its distinctive appearance has led the species to accumulate a variety of common names, including "yellow trembler",〔 "yellow brain", "golden jelly fungus", and "witches' butter", although this latter name is also applied to ''Exidia glandulosa''.〔 The specific epithet is a Latin adjective formed from the Ancient Greek word μεσεντεριον (''mesenterion''), "middle intestine", from μεσο- (''meso-'', "middle, center") and εντερον (''enteron'', "intestine"), referring to its shape.〔〔 The species formerly recognized as ''Tremella lutescens'' is now seen as a form of ''T. mesenterica'' with washed-out colors and considered a synonym.〔 Based on molecular analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 regions of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA, ''T. mesenterica'' is most closely related to ''T. coalescens'', ''T. tropica'', and ''T. brasiliensis''. This analysis included 20 of the estimated 120 ''Tremella'' species.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tremella mesenterica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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